The incidence of thyroid nodules is high, and there are generally no obvious clinical symptoms. Most of the nodules are benign and a few are malignant. Its pathogenesis is still unclear, and it is closely related to living habits, environmental factors and genetic factors. Traditional Chinese medicine classifies it as "gall disease", which is blocked in front of the neck due to Qi stagnation, blood stasis and phlegm. Xuanfu is the gateway of Qi movement, the road for gas and liquid to pass through, the pivot of divine machine operation, and the orifice of Yinyang harmony. Xuanfu is unblocked, and the body‘s Qi, blood and body fluid can run normally, so the divine machine can run normally. The expression of sodium iodide symporter (NIS) in thyroid gland is related to the formation of thyroid nodules, and is similar to the function of Xuanfu in traditional Chinese medicine. Xuanfu Yubi is an important change of NIS expression disorder, and Xuanfu is the basic treatment principle for preventing and treating thyroid nodules, including oral administration of traditional Chinese medicine, external application of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture and warm moxibustion dredging collaterals.